AMA with Anatoly Yakovenko
Welcome to @toly, co-founder of Solana!
He’s kindly agreed to do an AMA. Reply with your questions. :)
- What motivates you?I am an operating systems nerd. I got nerd sniped in the late 90s by the open source movement and linux. It's just been super fun working one these hard systems problems for the last 20 years.
- How do you view the importance of centralization / cost / performance / security? As in, which should take more weight on the balance?I see the purpose of decentralization is the same as fault tolerance. The meaning has expanded to include things that are academically hard to quantify, like if the majority of nodes are faulty, which could mean censorship or trying to commit an invalid state transition, etc..
- who is solana target customer? did it change from the beginning to now?It's the developers! Solana is an OS. My parents should never care about what operating system they use, but they should love the applications built on top of it. So our goal is to accelerate the devs as much as possible.
- do you think solana the network could be ever shut down if US regulators decided to turn against solana labs?the code is open source, anyone can pick up the code and run with it, and there are so many copies of the state that its virtually guaranteed that at least one replica will survive. So if the users want to they can always continue no matter what happens to labs. So what does shutdown mean in this context?
- How do you see the relationship between Solana and Ethereum, like Apple and Android? Are other public chains considered as competitors to you?I think there is feature overlap, so that make it competitive. But the designs are so far apart that it's really cool to see the r&d done by ethereum folks and try to apply those lessons towards a totally different goal.
- what's the business model that you would like to see more of in crypto? (eg one that could be used by solana wallets)stuff that reduces costs for consumers. like helium. find something that people overpay for and try to build a protocol around it to make a cheaper/faster version of that product.
- What are your favourite 3-5 apps on Solana that you use regularly?sollinked/tiplink/usdc/sphere payments
- thanks for doing this @toly! which crypto use cases are you most excited for in 2024?helium, solana pay companies like sling/espresso/etc.. id like to see a boring consumer use case break out in 2024.
- Hey sir - love seeing you on Farcaster! What’s the end-state of L1 tribalism in your view?People were tribal about the file system they chose in their linux kernel config in the 90s. I think it's fine as long as people can step away from their screens and touch grass, and that the passion drives people to build better open source systems.
- What do you think is the best input / method for measuring the decentralization of a blockchain network? cf: https://warpcast.com/tldr/0x65d9a3dbI think once a network is permissionless, that basically anyone can participate in any part of it, what really matters is the number of people that actually care enough to participate across all parts. This has little to do with number of nodes or stake or whatever.
- what was one of your most valuable failures? what did you learn from it?consumer hardware is really really really competitive. Network effects require single player benefits to get going.
- Do you put two spaces after each period?1 to maximize post utilization
- What was your favorite restaurant and bar at the University of Illinois?lol. papa dells pizza, the office in Urbana or brothers.
- do you think farcaster is too eth-tribal? what is your favorite place for talking to solana devs?I think @dwr.eth's vision is way bigger and wants to include every possible crypto user.
- Whats the biggest thing you’d change about Solana if you were to redesign it from scratch today?oof, man. so much technical debt. I wish we could have shipped with asynchronous execution from the start.
- How do you foresee Solana public goods/commons getting funded over the long term?I think the best open source actually comes from companies with commercial revenues, so when they publish something that they use they will continue using it and maintaining it.
- whats your vision for solana? where do you see it in the next 5/10/50 years?32x+ more throughput every 10 years.
- Apart from cheaper gas, what are some unique and valuable things you can do on Solana today that you can’t do on Ethereum?I think Jupiter routing is really showing the stark difference in the designs. Because it's a single atomic state machine, all the market liquidity is aggregated into one, even for 20 cent trades.
- Is decentralization a prerequisite for censorship resistance? What's the relationship between them?a network that is sufficiently decentralized can't have a permanent CR failure. Censored users can always fork their own instance and run it.
- What's one thing Solana builders can learn from Ethereum builders and Ethereum builders can learn from Solana builders?I wish solana builders always shipped open source first, and had a roadmap towards immutability for eth folks, that every 2 years hardware can do 2x more, and that the technology they are using should do 2x more.
- Do you have any thoughts on what the next 3-5 years looks like?more work :). I hope something like helium takes off and really demonstrates that the whole crypto loop can build a better product for a very large consumer base then a centralized provider.
- What has developing Solana taught you about yourself and the human experience?high performance athletes make really good early startup employees
- How has your perspective on AI evolved compared to what it was this time last year?technology is good enough that with enough data it can probably predict exactly what I would say 99.99% of the time
- What are you most excited about in crypto that's not in Solana ecosystem?payments. I think the fiat rail connections around the world are getting better and better, and I feel very competitive when they aren't solana first
- What are the top 3 things you would like to see get built on Solana?more apps that save consumers money
- what advice in crypto is considered common knowledge (or is something you hear often), but you think its wrong?grant programs, dunno why everyone runs one, but they basically never work.
- What's your vision for the crypto/web3/blockchain industry over the next 7-10 years? By 2030: - definition of "success"? - biggest use cases and rough market share of each use case / vertical? - culture of the industry?1. a bunch of consumers use a web3 app 2. no clue on share, but payments, then maybe something like depin/helium 3. I think last cycle was the transition from cypherpunks to hoodies, and this one will be hoodies to suits :)
- What is the biggest challenge Solana is facing and how are you attacking it ?stability, single code base. Firedancer folks are building the second client. So it's all in progress, just wish it could be faster :)
- In your view, what’s been the most difficult challenge facing Solana over the past 2 years?developers developers developers...
- Challenges that you @toly and your team are focused on?stability, stability, stability...
- Now that we have Ethereum and Solana, does the world need other L1s?why would I want to stop some aspiring systems engineer from building their own design?
- Keeping aside competition with other chains, what is on thing that Solana and you personally would want to see at Solana @tolyapplications with consumer traction. payments, depin, stuff like that
- What in the Solana application ecosystem excites you?Checkout the last hackathon winners. It’s just awesome to see new founders with crazy ideas.
- Considering you are positioning Solana these days more as an OS, any thoughts on Urbit? Does it compete? Or complement?not familiar. by OS I mean the kernel. Tons of UX frameworks can run on top of it.
- do you see solana moving towards a more rollup/L2 based approach in the future for any reasons including execution advantages or zkps etcNothing is stopping devs from trying L2s, except that fees on the L1 are so low that a general purpose L2 is not likely to be commercially viable. There is a parato efficient system that is single giant atomic state machine that is synchronized at the speed of light. Thats what I want to build
- What is the largest architectural design choice in Solana you've made that you wish you could go back and revise?Lack of interfaces between programs. ABIv2 work is trying to fix it.
- Thanks for doing the AMA here @toly! What apps would you personally use and like to see more of on Solana?things that lower costs for a large range of consumers.
- A meta dual @dwr.eth + @toly question: @dwr.eth what was the evaluation of tools that lead to Farcaster being built on Ethereum / Optimism? @toly what in your view needs to improve on the Solana side so it gets more products implemented on it such as ones like Farcaster?for solana, we just need more founders to do the grind. 1/20 find PMF. So for every forecaster there were 20 web3 social network attempts that you've never heard of.
- How is Solana thinking about the phone project these days? The full stack crypto phone was a promising vision and curious if you can offer more insight on what you’ve learned so far.consumer hardware is really really really competitive. I think passkey generated seed phrases have closed the gap quite a bit on the security side. I still want a mobile application distribution channel that goes straight to all the NFT power users without the google and apple tax.
- What is an under appreciated aspect of Qualcomm internal culture/tech?00s and 10s Moores law was in hyperdrive for mobile chips. so it was really hard to keep up, felt like every year was a 2x improvement in hand held compute. It was technically very challenging and I had the opportunity to go really deep on design with awesome folks. Surfing is good for software architecture :)
- What’s the easiest way to keep up with what’s happening on Solana?Probably the solana twitter sphere. Would be cool to see more on farcaster
- How do you think about getting more developers building using Solana?Developers need revenue or funding. So we try to help them scale their businesses
- you recently criticized airdrops in favor of a “pre-buying” period. Wouldn’t this decrease people use of the app itself? Do you see sybilling as net negative?yea, sybilling is probably a net negative. especially for governance tokens. Who are the users you want to actually govern?
- @toly good to have you here, what’s your opinion on making an SDK for teams wanting to make Solana app chains, closest example would be Pyth (and NewChain maybe) 🤔find 10 paying customers figure out what and why they want this product optimize the feature set for them
- Favorite coding setup?two vertical screens, vim
- How are you thinking about AI in the context of Solana?looking for AI tools good enough to generate js boilerplate and unit and integration tests for solana devs.
- Advice for young people looking to delve into a career in technology?the right big company can have amazing mentors. The right startup can massively accelerate your growth by giving you way more responsibility then you can handle :)
- As a developer, why should I build on Solana?Who are you building for, what problems are you trying to solve?
- Hope I’m not too late! Toly, please paint us an optimistic scenario for Solana app/dev ecosystem success. Do you get Farcaster & other EVM apps to move, or just get new ones to go viral? What scenario is the most likely?moving is really hard. I think apps that maximize growth across crypto will support multiple chains. I expect native solana teams to try to compete as well.
- 1. What's something you've changed your opinion on recently? 2. What's the most impactful you've read in the past year?1. we probably need 1559 economic back pressure on every knob in the system 2. the backchannel by burns
- What should my elevator pitch to my parents be re: why they should learn about and use Solana?find an app that would save them money. don't pick the kernel, pitch the application